LDAP with Service Credentials (Double-Bind)
Posit Connect can integrate with your company’s LDAP infrastructure using the LDAP authentication provider.
Using this integration, user authentication, group search, and user search requests will be directed to your LDAP service.
Posit Connect requires service credentials to execute user and group searches in LDAP.
If you are not able to obtain service credentials, you can still use LDAP solely for authentication purposes with your own user credentials by configuring Posit Connect to use LDAP without Service Credentials.
LDAP Example With Service credentials
This sample configuration (partial) assumes the standard schema for LDAP.
The Advanced LDAP / AD and LDAP configuration appendixes contain more detailed information about each LDAP configuration option.
; /etc/rstudio-connect/rstudio-connect.gcfg
[Authentication]
Provider = ldap
[LDAP "Sample LDAP Configuration With Service Credentials"]
; Connectivity
; For legacy SSL (ldaps) use these:
ServerAddress = ldaps.company.com:636
TLS = true
; Or for TLS (StartTLS extension) use these:
; ServerAddress = ldap.company.com:389
; StartTLS = true
TLSCACertificate= /etc/ssl/cert/ca.pem
; For TLS/SSL testing purposes only:
; ServerTLSInsecure = true
; Service credentials (recommended):
BindDN = "uid=admin,OU=users,DC=example,DC=com"
BindPassword = "XXXXXXXX"
; Or anonymous bind (less secure):
; AnonymousBind = true
; Users (OpenLDAP example)
UserSearchBaseDN = "OU=Users,DC=example,DC=com"
UserObjectClass = "posixAccount"
; UniqueIdAttribute - vendor-specific object attribute
; Refer to your LDAP vendor documentation for the correct value.
; (OpenLDAP) UniqueIdAttribute = "entryUUID"
; (Oracle OID) UniqueIdAttribute = "orclGuid"
; (IBM RACF) UniqueIdAttribute = "ibm-entryUUID"
; (Novell eDirectory) UniqueIdAttribute = "GUID"
; (389 Directory Server) UniqueIdAttribute = "nsUniqueID"
UniqueIdAttribute = "entryUUID"
UsernameAttribute = "uid"
UserEmailAttribute = "mail"
UserFirstNameAttribute = "givenName"
UserLastNameAttribute = "sn"
; Groups (OpenLDAP example)
GroupSearchBaseDN = "OU=Users,DC=example,DC=com"
GroupObjectClass = "posixGroup"
; GroupUniqueIdAttribute - vendor-specific object attribute, same as the user one
GroupUniqueIdAttribute = "entryUUID"
GroupNameAttribute = "cn"
; Enable this for a better user experience, unless
; managing a large number of groups is a concern:
;GroupsAutoProvision = true
; When troubleshooting an LDAP problem, more verbose logging
; is produced by uncommenting the following line:
;Logging = trueUser provisioning
LDAP users are created in Posit Connect upon the first successful login attempt.
Users can also be created ahead of their first login by adding them as users within the People tab of the Posit Connect dashboard or by using the Connect Server API.
LDAP.RegisterOnFirstLogin can be used to disable the registration through login behavior.
; /etc/rstudio-connect/rstudio-connect.gcfg
[LDAP "corporate LDAP"]
RegisterOnFirstLogin = falseConnect collects the user’s credentials and forward them to the LDAP server which validates the authentication. If valid, the remote user’s information is returned to Connect.
Users within Posit Connect are assigned Roles. Users are assigned the role specified by the Authorization.DefaultUserRole setting or one defined by the User Role Mapping if configured. Additionally, an administrator can reassign the role from within the dashboard or via the User Manager CLI.
Usernames
Usernames are controlled by your LDAP server. However, Posit Connect imposes some additional restrictions on the usernames it supports:
- A username or DN containing a forward slash (
/) is not supported. - The following values are prohibited:
connect,apps,users,groups,setpassword,user-completion,confirm,recent,reports,plots,unpublished,settings,metrics,tokens,help,login,welcome,register,resetpassword,content
Duplicate usernames
Usernames in LDAP do not need to be unique. A user is uniquely identified by the attribute defined in LDAP.UniqueIdAttribute. (Users with the same username are differentiated via their personal passwords.)
Duplicate usernames are a reality of large LDAP deployments with multiple servers, which implies multiple LDAP server configurations in Posit Connect.
The RStudio IDE does not support duplicate usernames when publishing to the same Posit Connect host. However, it is unlikely that two users with the same usernames will be sharing the same IDE account or workstation.
Duplicate users may have adverse affects on content that tracks the user redentials. Please refer to the Credentials for Content in the Advanced Users and Group Topics appendix for alternatives under this condition.
User attributes
The following user information is required:
- First name.
- Last name.
- Email address.
- Username.
Different LDAP attributes may be used for each of these fields, but in general, all user attributes are provided by LDAP, and they should all be present in the Posit Connect configuration.
If your LDAP server cannot provide some of these, be sure to not define the respective attributes in the Posit Connect configuration, so that the profile information can be entered manually by users. Otherwise, the profile values will not be editable in Posit Connect and will remain blank.
When changes are made to a user’s name, email address, or username in your LDAP system, these changes will automatically propagate to Posit Connect:
- The next time that the user logs into Connect.
- When the user is returned in a search result while adding new users.
- As Connect synchronizes LDAP group memberships.
Editing user attributes
A username is the primary means of authentication. Therefore, it is required in the configuration, and never editable.
By default, the setting Authorization.UserInfoEditableBy has a value of AdminAndSelf, permitting users and administrators to manage these editable user profile information not configured to be managed by LDAP.
Configure Authorization.UserInfoEditableBy with Admin if profile editing should be restricted only to administrators.
It is recommended that if you disable LDAP.RegisterOnFirstLogin with a value of false, that you also configure Authorization.UserInfoEditableBy to Admin. A value of Admin means that users created by the administrator, cannot be changed by non-administrators.
Editing user roles
User roles are only editable in Posit Connect if Automatic User Role Mapping is not configured, and the LDAP authentication provider is not configured to send roles in as part of the user profile.
Automatic user role mapping
Posit Connect offers ways to map their user information to valid roles when users login. This can be done with roles defined as part of the user profile or via LDAP group memberships.
Using group memberships
This option is not supported when using Locally Managed Groups.
Use the configuration option Authorization.UserRoleGroupMapping to enable user role mapping via groups.
When group mapping is enabled, configuration options to receive roles from the authentication provider as part of the user profile information is ignored and Connect will fail to start if Authorization.UserRoleMapping is also enabled.
When enabled, the configuration options Authorization.ViewerRoleMapping, Authorization.PublisherRoleMapping, and Authorization.AdministratorRoleMapping refer to groups.
In the following example, group names are used. Viewer mapping is purposely left out so that the remaining of the users are assigned the based on the option Authorization.DefaultUserRole which defaults to viewer.
; /etc/rstudio-connect/rstudio-connect.gcfg
[Authorization]
UserRoleGroupMapping = true
PublisherRoleMapping = "cn=Developers,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com"
AdministratorRoleMapping = "cn=Dev-Leaders,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com"
AdministratorRoleMapping = "cn=IT-Administrators,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com"Using user profile roles
Use the configuration option LDAP.UserRoleAttribute to enable user role mapping via a user profile attribute from your authentication provider.
The Authorization.UserRoleMapping configuration option should also be used if the values you receive from your authentication provider do not match the default expected values of viewer, publisher and administrator.
User roles can be used directly from your authentication provider without the need of mapping values as long as it only returns the values of viewer, publisher and administrator to define roles in Posit Connect.
Example
# LDAP Record with no role mapping needed
uid: RUser
rsc-role: administrator
# Posit Connect Configuration to enable RUser
[LDAP "My LDAP Server Name"]
UserRoleAttribute = rsc-role
# LDAP Record with role mapping needed
uid: RUser2
rsc-role: connect-administrator
# Posit Connect Configuration to enable RUser2
[LDAP "My LDAP Server Name"]
UserRoleAttribute = rsc-role
[Authorization]
UserRoleMapping = true
AdministratorRoleMapping = connect-administrator
; PublisherRoleMapping = connect-publisher ; assuming the values continue as such
; ViewerRoleMapping = connect-viewer When mapping is enabled, each role can be mapped to one or more values specific to your organization using the configuration options Authorization.ViewerRoleMapping, Authorization.PublisherRoleMapping, and Authorization.AdministratorRoleMapping.
In the following example the authentication provider returns department names:
; /etc/rstudio-connect/rstudio-connect.gcfg
[Authorization]
UserRoleMapping = true
ViewerRoleMapping = "HR"
ViewerRoleMapping = "Marketing"
PublisherRoleMapping = "Engineering"
AdministratorRoleMapping = "IT"Multiple user role mappings
When there are multiple matches between the configured mapping and the user or group information sent by the authentication provider, the role with the most privileges is selected. This behavior makes it easy to promote users to a new role.
If there are concerns about security, a more restrictive behavior can be used in these scenarios with the configuration option Authorization.UserRoleMappingRestrictive. When enabled, it will cause the least privileged role to be selected.
LDAP groups
Posit Connect automatically associates users to the groups already present in Connect for access control purposes as indicated by the existing group memberships in LDAP.
Connect needs to be configured to automatically recognize LDAP groups. If the settings for groups are omitted from the configuration, only Locally Managed Groups will be available.
LDAP groups must be managed directly through your LDAP
provider. Posit Connect does not support management of LDAP groups.
A reference to a LDAP group is stored in Connect when manually added via the People tab in the dashboard, via Connect Server API or automatically on log-in with the auto-provision option enabled.
Changes made to group names and Distinguished Named automatically propagate to Connect:
- The next time that a member of the groups logs into Connect.
- When the group is returned in a search result while adding new groups.
- As Connect synchronizes LDAP group memberships.
LDAP groups are uniquely identified by the attribute defined in LDAP.GroupUniqueIdAttribute (with the default of "DN"). For information on how to configure this setting for your specific LDAP server, see GroupUniqueIdAttribute.
Manual group provisioning
Admins can use the People tab within the Connect dashboard to add references to groups from the proxy. Group membership of Connect users is tracked for only these groups and not the entire list of groups that are returned from LDAP.
This is the default behavior, and a good option when the Connect users are associated with a large number of groups, but only some of them are useful for content access control purposes.
Care should be taken when removing groups via the People tab in the dashboard or via Connect Server API. Removing a group also removes all associations between the group being removed and existing content.
Automatic group provisioning
In addition to delegating group membership management to LDAP, Posit Connect can also delegate the management of groups themselves. By using LDAP.GroupsAutoProvision
Connect automatically adds references to groups based on the list of group memberships received from LDAP during authentication.
With this option enabled groups are provisioned in Connect when the first member is added. These provisioned groups remain there indefinitely, even after the last member has been removed, so that any access to content is preserved for a future member of those groups.
Removing stale or unused groups can be done via the dashboard, via the Posit Connect Server API, or ultimately via the usermanager CLI.
LDAP group membership synchronization
Posit Connect prefetches all group memberships during every authentication. After that, the group memberships for LDAP users in Posit Connect are updated in a regular interval to ensure that content access granted via groups is synchronized with LDAP.
By default, Connect updates each user individually every 4 hours, obtaining all their group memberships in the same way it is done during authentication. This interval can be modified via the configuration setting LDAP.MembershipUpdateInterval.
In previous releases of Posit Connect, access controls validated group memberships directly with the LDAP server at access time. This approach prevented Connect from having a complete picture of the group memberships for a given user, which in some situations resulted in reduced functionality when using LDAP authentication compared to other authentication providers.
If you are running an earlier release of Posit Connect, an automatic synchronization for all users will take place immediately after an upgrade. Connect uses a best-effort approach to have all users updated within the configured LDAP.MembershipUpdateInterval without disrupting the regular usage of the service. This process happens only once per installation and is not needed in future version upgrades.
Please see the Performance Considerations in the Advanced LDAP / AD appendix for ways to optimize LDAP search performance in Connect if you observe a noticeable impact on the service such as:
Unusual delays during user log in.
Modifications made to groups in LDAP not being reflected in Connect after the interval configured in
LDAP.MembershipUpdateIntervalis passed.Issues with content with scheduled email delivery that include member of LDAP groups.
Excess of activity or usage on the LDAP service.
Warnings about the membership update process in the logs.
The shorter the membership update interval, the greater the computational cost of running the synchronization. On the other hand, large or busy environments may need a longer update interval to be able to keep group memberships in sync consistently. The default interval value of 4 hours aims to offer a good balance between cost and user experience for most customers.
Use LDAP groups to limit access to Posit Connect
By using LDAP groups it is also possible to restrict which users are allowed in Posit Connect based on their group memberships. See the setting LDAP.PermittedLoginGroup for more details.
Scheduled email delivery & LDAP group memberships
When using LDAP groups associated to content, the recipients of content configured for scheduled email delivery will include all active and unlocked Connect users members of that group as well as all other LDAP users members of the group with valid email addresses.
This functionality does not require or depend on the membership synchronization.
Locally managed groups
You can still use groups in Posit Connect if you decide to not configure support for LDAP groups.
Locally managed groups have no relation with LDAP groups.
These groups are local to Connect, they can be created via the Dashboard or via the Connect Server API. Group memberships must also be managed using the same means.
If you do not want groups at all in Posit Connect, set the Authorization.UserGroups configuration option to false.